http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/60 2026-07-21T01:21:08Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/10364 Farmer managed natural regeneration and community development: an analysis of impact in selected countries Chesire, Michael Aiyabei; Kigen, Charles; Munyao, Carol Munini; Korir, Janet; Too, Prisca Tanui Purpose: This paper explores the relationship between community development and Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) as a strategy for resource conservation and community empowerment. It highlights how FMNR contributes to ecological sustainability and rural household livelihoods in selected countries in West and East Africa, including Niger, Ghana, Mali, Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. Methodology: A content review of FMNR practices was conducted, focusing on their adoption, spread, and impact on community development. The analysis emphasized economic empowerment, ecological sustainability, best practices, challenges, and mitigation strategies. Findings: The study found that FMNR enhances community livelihoods by promoting sustainable natural resource use and reducing environmental degradation. It strengthens community capacity for resource management and supports rural economic development. However, challenges such as land fragmentation, technological gaps, and limited adoption were noted. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: To scale up FMNR, stakeholders should prioritize community training, strengthen institutional frameworks, and provide policy support for sustainable resource management. Addressing technological and socio-economic barriers is essential to maximize FMNR's potential in improving livelihoods and achieving ecological sustainability. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/10363 Coupling Nile Basin 2050 scenarios with the IPCC 2100 projections for climate-induced risk reduction Onencan, Abby; Enserink, Bert; Walle, Bartel Van de; Chelang’a, James Scenarios are valuable tools that could support decision making under deep uncertainty, nevertheless, their potential remains untapped. The paper explores whether participatory scenario construction in the form of stories coupled with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2100 projections may contribute to increased utility of the scenarios and projections for climate-induced risk reduction, in the Nile Basin. The Nile River is 6,695 kilometres long and covers a basin area of 3.18 million square kilometres (one-tenth of the African land mass). The basin is highly susceptible to climate-change induced disasters. According to the IPCC, there is high confidence that the Basin will suffer from severe shifts in biome distribution, compounded water stress, degradation of marine life and reduced crop productivity. There is also medium confidence that the Nile Basin will experience: severe decline in livestock, significant increase in vector and water-borne diseases, undernutrition, increased migration and sea level rise. The basin is already experiencing some of these key risks, on the other hand, their impact in the next 30 to 35 years is deeply uncertain. The findings of this paper are based on four scenarios, namely: Kazuri, Miskeen, Umoja and EjoHeza and data collected from two forums that were held in Jinja, Uganda and Nairobi, Kenya. The forum participants were a multi-disciplinary team of national and international stakeholders. The paper concludes that coupling Nile Basin storylines with the IPCC 2100 projections, proved to be an effective tool in increasing the utility of the scenarios and projections, for purposes of disaster risk reduction. Future work will entail analysing the uptake of the scenarios to resolve deadlocks and enhance cooperation. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/10361 The effects of colonialism on indigenous conflict resolution systems among Pokot and Turkana communities Wahome, Mary; Ng’ang’a, Daniel Colonialism impacted local cultures far beyond their infrastructure, government and geography. In addition to eroding indigenous power structures, the structural violence inflicted during colonialism left native populations with lasting self-doubt and rejection of traditional practices. Among these rejected traditions were informal processes and mechanisms of resolving conflicts. Conflict resolution methods in different cultures often vary greatly in underlying values and perceptions. Western judicial systems reflect individualistic, high uncertainty-avoidant, low-context tendencies, while indigenous conflict resolution methods reflect collectivistic, minimal uncertainty-avoidant and high-context tendencies. Research into the current state of formal courts and informal justice forums in Pokot and Turkana Counties provides case study-based evidence arguing that the transition from restorative justice (Lapai) ffered by indigenous justice mechanisms to retributive justice catalyzed by colonialism has effectively weakened both the Turkana and Pokot systems of justice. Due to impacted value systems, neither the restorative, social harmony focus of traditional processes, nor the retributive, compensatory justice focus of the formal judicial system make the available forums wholly appropriate or adequate resources. This has left the two communities torn between two distinct choices - the western and indigenous approaches to conflict management. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of colonialism on indigenous conflict management in Pokot and Turkana counties. These were both positive and negative effects. To achieve this objective the overarching question was;“how did colonialism affect the indigenous approaches to conflict management in Pokot and Turkana counties? The study was designed to apply qualitative research methods. Both structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted along the Turkana-Pokot borders. This paper proposes a hybrid model in conflict management, not only for the Pokot and Turkana pastoral communities, but also to other pastoral communities with similar set-ups. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/10360 Conducting graduate tracer studies for quality assurance in East African Universities: a focus on graduate students voices on quality culture Badiru, Egesah Omar; Wahome, Mary The purpose of this paper is to propose a guide for graduate trace studies (GTS) to be adopted by universities and other higher education institutions (HEIs) in East Africa. Their essential role notwithstanding, graduate tracer studies present viable opportunities through which quality assurance (QA) can be institutionalized and mainstreamed in activities of HEIs in East Africa (EA). Moi University is embracing graduate tracer studies triggered by the DAAD UNITRACE initiative much for the reason of generating from immediate users of university academic services, nuanced and evidenced information requisite for improvement of university education and service programmes. This paper is presented as a proposal for a GTS guide for East Africa higher institutions of learning (HEIs) that if accepted shall benchmark through GTS methodology and results for use to entrench a culture of quality assurance at universities. The objective of this paper thus, is to propose a methodological guide for graduate trace studies suitable for East Africa Universities. Using experiences, methodologies, results and lessons of a pioneer graduate tracer survey conducted at Moi University, the paper posits a seven staged GTS guide that fits the needs for East Africa. Information feedback, recommendations and evaluative proposals made by graduates about their experiences during degree study and transition to the job market immensely help to improve the quality of education and services at the University (table 1). This paper should arouse our desire to initiate and entrench GTS as means by which we can achieve quality assurance at universities and HEIs in East Africa. Originality and value of this paper lies in its first ever proposal for a guide for GTS suitable and domesticated for East Africa 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z