Work-Related musculoskeletal disorders among the administrators at Moi University-College Of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a group of conditions that are typically characterized by pain (often persistent), stiffness, weakness and decreased range of motion. The main risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) among administrators include awkward posture, sustained body position, inappropriate furniture, and inadequate rest breaks. Other reported risk factors are repetitive tasks, physical overexertion, multitasking, and neglecting precautions. WRMDs have greater effects on the workers which include absenteeism from work, disability, and early retirement. Publications on this disorder locally are hardly available, hence the need of this study. Objectives: To determine the occurrence, the risk factors, perceived impact, and the targeted interventions of WRMDs among the administrators at the College of Health Sciences (CHS) of Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted at the CHS of Moi University, after approval from relevant authorities. The study population included all the administrators from the four schools namely; School of Medicine (SOM), School of Nursing and Midwifery (SONMW), School of Public Health (SPH) and School of Dentistry (SOD), making a total of 24 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), analyzed for descriptive statistics such as mean, median and mode, and presented in the form of diagrams and prose. Results: Females were 18 (75%) while males were 6 (25%), indicating a higher representation of female. The ages ranged from 36 to 56 years, covering a broad spectrum of mid-level career and senior professionals, who had been in current job for 6- 29 years. Reported risk factors included prolonged sitting, repetitive hand movements, poor workstation ergonomics and heavy lifting. Nine (37.5%) believed their job contributed to their musculoskeletal disorders, while for musculoskeletal discomfort and pain, 14 (58.3%) mentioned their symptoms interfered with their work unlike in 6 (25%). Four (16.7%) did not experience any musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. Nine (37.5%) reported incorporating simple stretching exercises into their routine to alleviate discomfort, likely targeting muscle stiffness and improving flexibility, while 7 (29.2%) adjusted their chair and desk height, indicating an awareness of ergonomic practices to reduce strain and maintain proper posture. Only 5 (20.8%) sought medical advice, suggesting that their discomfort may have been more severe, requiring professional intervention. The remaining participants resorted to painkillers, which implied that they primarily relied on temporary relief rather than addressing the root cause of their discomfort. Conclusion: This study underscored the high occurrence of WRMDs particularly in the lower back, neck and upper back among administrators, related to study risk factors highlighting the impact of prolonged sitting, poor ergonomics and repetitive movements, stressing the need for intervention and prevention aspects. WRMDs significantly impacted work productivity causing absenteeism and functional impairments while participants often resolved to temporary solutions like painkillers and medical consultations. Recommendations: There is need for ergonomic interventions, particularly for those suffering from back and neck pain. Proper posture, particularly for workers in desk jobs, is crucial. There is need for stretching and exercise programs as part of the solution and frequent breaks to reduce the strain of static postures. Short breaks are crucial for mitigating the prolonged sitting that contributes to back and neck pain