Abstract:
Background Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), such as HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis, present considerable
difficulties in maintaining blood quality despite the critical role of blood transfusion in emergency medical care. This
study aims to ascertain the prevalence of these infections and the factors that increase their risk among those who
donate blood.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Federal Medical Center in Azare, involving 400 blood donors.
Serological tests were conducted for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis, and sociodemographic data was collected through a
structured questionnaire. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were employed to detect associated
risk factors, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.
Result Of the total blood donors, 17.00% (68/400) tested positive for at least one TTIs. The presence of HIV, HBV, HCV,
and syphilis was identified in 2.8% (11/400), 8.3% (33/400), 1.8% (7/400), and 4.3% (17/400) of the donors, respectively.
Multivariate analysis, after adjustments with various variables, indicates only commercial blood donors [Adjusted
Odds Ratio (AOR) (95% CI): 14.63 (1.76-121.27)] and multiple sexual partners [AOR (95% CI): 5.40 (1.28–22.70)] were
associated with HIV, while blood transfusion and piercing or tattoo were associated with HBV. Multiple sexual partners
and a history of STDs were associated with syphilis infection.
Conclusion TTIs such as HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis were detected among the blood donors, with HBV being the
most common. The findings highlight a gender disparity in blood donation, with voluntary donors comprising the
majority; nevertheless, commercial donors had the highest prevalence of TTIs. Enhanced donor screening and public
awareness are crucial for blood safety.
